Topical formulations such as creams and lotions must satisfy both pharmaceutical quality standards and patient acceptability. A complete evaluation programme typically includes the following tests.
Physical and physicochemical tests
- Appearance, colour and odour
- pH (important for skin compatibility)
- Viscosity and rheology
- Spreadability and extrudability
- Homogeneity and phase separation
Performance and safety tests
- In-vitro release or permeation studies where relevant
- Antimicrobial efficacy (especially for antiseptic products)
- Skin irritation or compatibility assessment
- Accelerated and real-time stability studies
Documenting these parameters thoroughly strengthens both regulatory submissions and research publications. Consistency in method description also makes comparison with published literature more reliable.